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<ul class="navigation"><li class="prev"><a accesskey="p" class="prev" href="WSfd1234e1c4b69f30ea53e41001031ab64-761aa.html" title="Transforming objects"><img src="images/blank.gif" alt="Previous" width="17" height="17" /></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" class="next" href="WSfd1234e1c4b69f30ea53e41001031ab64-7618a.html" title="Select an item to transform"><img src="images/blank.gif" alt="Next" width="17" height="17" /></a></li></ul><div class="hierarchy" id="hierarchy"><a href="WSfd1234e1c4b69f30ea53e41001031ab64-763ea.html">Retouching and transforming</a> /
     <a href="WSfd1234e1c4b69f30ea53e41001031ab64-761aa.html"><b>Transforming objects</b></a> 
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                <h1>
                    Apply transformations
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                <div><p>Transforming scales, rotates, skews, stretches,
or warps an image. You can apply transformations to a selection,
an&#160;entire layer, multiple layers, or a layer mask. You can
also apply transformations to a path, a vector shape, a vector mask,
a selection border, or an alpha channel. Transforming affects image
quality when you manipulate the pixels. To apply non-destructive
transformations to raster images, use Smart Objects. (See <a href="WSCCBCA4AB-7821-4986-BC03-4D1045EF2A57a.html">About Smart Objects</a>.) Transforming a vector shape or path is always
non-destructive because you’re only changing the mathematical calculations
producing the object. </p>
<p>To make a transformation, first select an item to transform and
then choose a transformation command. If necessary, adjust the reference
point before manipulating the transformation. You can perform several
manipulations in succession before applying the cumulative transformation.
For example, you can choose Scale and drag a handle to scale, and
then choose Distort and drag a handle to distort. Then press Enter
or&#160;Return to apply both transformations.</p>
<p>Photoshop uses the interpolation method selected in the General
area of the Preferences dialog box to calculate the color values
of pixels that are added or deleted during transformations. This
interpolation setting directly affects the speed and quality of
the transformation. Bicubic interpolation, the default, is slowest
but yields the best results.</p>
<div class="note"><span class="notetitle">Note:  </span>You can also warp and distort raster images using the Liquify
filter.</div>
<div class="fignone"><img alt="" id="tr_05" src="images/tr_05.png" /><div class="figdesc">Transforming an image</div><br /><dl><dt class="dlterm">A.</dt>
<dd>Original image</dd><p class="dlseparator"></p><dt class="dlterm">B.</dt>
<dd>Layer
flipped</dd><p class="dlseparator"></p><dt class="dlterm">C.</dt>
<dd>Selection border rotated</dd><p class="dlseparator"></p><dt class="dlterm">D.</dt>
<dd>Part of
object scaled</dd><p class="dlseparator"></p></dl>
</div><div class="section"><h4 class="sectiontitle">Transform submenu commands</h4><dl><dt class="dlterm">Scale</dt>
<dd>Enlarges or reduces an item relative to its <dfn class="term">reference
point</dfn>, the fixed point around which transformations are performed.
You can scale horizontally, vertically, or both horizontally and
vertically.</dd><p class="dlseparator"></p><dt class="dlterm">Rotate</dt>
<dd>Turns an item around a reference point. By default, this
point is at the center of the object; however, you can move it to
another location.</dd><p class="dlseparator"></p><dt class="dlterm">Skew</dt>
<dd>Slants an item vertically and horizontally.</dd><p class="dlseparator"></p><dt class="dlterm">Distort</dt>
<dd>Stretches an item in all directions.</dd><p class="dlseparator"></p><dt class="dlterm">Perspective</dt>
<dd>Applies one‑point perspective to an item.</dd><p class="dlseparator"></p><dt class="dlterm">Warp</dt>
<dd>Manipulates the shape of an item.</dd><p class="dlseparator"></p><dt class="dlterm">Flip</dt>
<dd>Flips the selection vertically or horizontally.</dd><p class="dlseparator"></p></dl>
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